Wien Vienna capital city of Austria with Virtual Tours and Maps

Discover the beauty of Wien - Vienna with Virtual Tours and Maps

If you've never been to Wien, it's now time to pack your luggage, catch a plane and go there...otherwise, you can always interactively visit it, with this Virtual Tour...
But, first of all, you will like to know something about the history of this incredibly romantic and cosmopolitan city. So said - in a nutshell - ...Its first inhabitants date back to the late Stone Age and during the Roman empire it was known as Vindobona, a military encampment. The bordering position made it vulnerable to the Barbaric invasions and roughly five centuries after the destruction of Vindobona by the Huns, the Emperor Otto I of Germany gave its territories to the Babenbergs, who transformed it in a shining city, a cultural and historical center, that was to become the capital of the Sacred Roman Empire, with the election of Albert V in 1438. Thanks to some intelligent "wedding politics", the Absburg family took over half Europe, but not only the borders had to be guarded, but the capital too, since Suleyman the Magnificent, black death and religious wars between Christians and Protestants were trying to demolish any of its stability. The expansionistic visions of Turks ended some centuries later, when Kara Mustapha Pasha tried again to enter into the heart of Europe. In 1683, his army besieged Vienna and seemed on his way to victory. But Austrians and their Polish allies completely profited from the disposition of Kara Mustapha's troops and led a devastating flank attack. Kara Mustapha did not die on the battlefield, but some months later: his defeat was signed with his execution by Janissaries, and his head was delivered to Sultan Mehmed IV. Austria could develop again, and transform itself in a modern, rich, safe and beautiful city under the rule of the Empress Maria Theresa, who had to fight several wars in order to maintain an incredibly vast empire, whose heart was Wien. With Mozart, the city became the musical capital of Europe. The reforms started with Maria Theresa continued under the rule of her son Joseph II. The XIX century was expression of wars, political repression, bankruptcy, cholera and civil upheavals and some of this problems found a relaxation under the reign of Franz Joseph, who died in 1916 without any direct heir: if his son Rudolph probably committed suicide and the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand collapsed Europe into WW1, in 1918 the monarchy died with the abdication of Charles I. In the years between 1920 and 1934 socialism prevailed even though a conservative government. The chancellor Dollfuss was assassinated in 1934 by the Nazi and four years later Hitler proclaimed the Anschluss entering into the city. At the end of WWII Austria did not regain its independence, but was divided by the Allies, and only in 1955 the occupation found an end and was hence declared a neutral state. During Cold war, JFK and Krushev met in Wien and in 1979 the UN inaugurated a HQ there (the UNO city). Finally, in 1995 Austria entered into the EU.

All this history, is blended into the city. Inside the intricated alleys and roads of the heart of Wien, you will soon notice that the Stephansdom dominates the sky of this part of the city. While walking along the several Gasse (remembrance of a medieval architecture) today full of cafés, shops and people at every hour of the day and night, you will find, several churches and old buildings. Do not forget to visit the Ruprechtikirche, the most ancient church in Wien, which probably dates back to the XI century. Enjoy the view of the Danube canal. Now, head for another church: the Peterskirche, whose interior is richly decorated by Matthias Steindl and whose exterior is the result of renovations on an older church (dating back to the XII century) on the inspiration of the Roman Basilica of St. Peter. And, for sure, do not forget to pay a visit to the Stephansdom too...

Now, head to the district of the Hofburg. You will immediately notice that the atmosphere is different. The imperial Wien is condensed here and, even though the nobility doesn't live here anymore, the richness of sector lies in the transformation of the buildings into embassies, offices, elegant boutiques and art galleries. If you aren't convinced, just walk along the Kohlmarkt zone, or Kärntner Strasse and you will see. The Neue Burg is part of the complex of the Hofburg. Built under the reign of Francis Joseph, when the Empire was slowly running to an end, it is the building from which Hitler declared the Anschluss. Inside, today you will find either several museums (such as the Ephesos Museum, the Hofjagd und Rüstkammer), or the Austrian National Library, in which the Prunksaal - the biggest Baroque Library of Europe - is breathtaking. The complex of the Hofburg is impressive and you will have the chance to visit some interesting things, such as the Equestrian School (where performances are held), and the Imperial apartments of Franz Joseph and his enchanting wife Elisabeth (a.k.a. Sisi), Empress of Austria and Hungary, to whom the Sisi Museum is dedicated. On a sunny day, the Volksgarten will offer you the chance to stroll among several ornamental plants, monuments, fountains and roses. The Votivkirche, in Rooseveltplatz, is amongst the most interesting churches in Wien, not only for the decorations, but for its history too. In fact, its construction began after a failed attempt to kill the emperor Francis Joseph, exactly where the church today lies. When you start feeling hungry, stop by a Café, such as the Café Central, and enjoy the several types of coffees that are prepared in Wien (the list can be as long as by Starbucks...), along with a Sachertorte, a Linzertorte, a Palatschinken, a Reisauflauf mit Apfeln or a Kaiserschmarrn. Be assured, be it that you like sweet or salty dishes; Austrian kitchen will be able to enchant you. And if you are interested in the life of Sigmund Freud, look for the Freud Museum, in Berggasse 19. Remember to go to Minoritenplatz, where you will have the chance to see either the palace where the Exterior Office is and the Minoritenkirche, built around 1224 and whose appearance is the result of several renovations during the centuries. Inside, you will have the chance to admire a copy of the Last Supper of Leonardo, made with mosaics.

As soon as you enter the Museums Quartier, you will notice that you find yourself in one of the major cultural centers of the world. There, you just will have to choose. If you're in Wien with children, they will for sure like the ZOOM Kindermuseum and the math.space. (yes, I'm not kidding: they will like it). If you're an art lover, you will probably head to the MUMOK or to the Kunsthistorisches Museum. Inside, you will have the chance to admire several masterpieces, such as the Atelier by Vermeer, the Saliera by Cellini and works by Velázquez, Coello, Rubens, Rembrandt, Pieter de Hooch, Bruegel the Old, Rubens, Van Dyck, Tiziano, Tintoretto, Caravaggio, Arcimboldo, Clouet and Poussin (and the list isn't over yet). Nearby, you will find the Neues Rathaus, HQ of the Municipal Assembly. Its architecture is one of the best examples of Neo Gothic style in the city. And - if it happens that you are in Wien during Summer - head to its Arkadenhof at night, to enjoy open air concerts...but, if you're looking for something more...glamorous, the Burgtheater will provide you several performances, at the height of its fame (yes, it's the most prestigious theatre of German speaking countries), the Theater an der Wien will for sure make you happy with its several musicals and the Wiener Staatoper (in Albertina Platz, just in front of the Hofburg) will amaze you too, be it either with its decorations or with the Ball of the Staatoper, a mundane event, where the young ladies of the jeunesse dorée enter into society. Nearby, the Opernring has several luxury boutiques. Nearby, do not forget to give a glance to the Reichsrat, in Dr. Karl Renner Ring 3. It's here that the Republic was proclaimed, back in 1918.

Extravagant buildings and gardens awaits you in the zone of Belvedere. Start your visit by the Karlskirche, a church built in the XVII century, as a votive offering to S. Charles Borromeus by the emperor Charles VI, after the city had been devasted by black death. The architect Johann Bernhard Fisher von Erlach took inspiration by the ancient buildings of Greece and Rome, adding oriental influences and hence giving birth to a Baroque and eclectic masterwork. The Belvedere Palaces and Gardens were built for Eugene of Savoia, the commander in chief of the army that fought and won against Kara Mustapha. The Oberes Belvedere hosts a collection of the masterworks by Gustav Klimt and some other pieces by Van Gogh, Kokoschka and Gerstl. The Unteres Belvedere on the other hand, hosts the museum of the Austrian Baroque with rooms such as the Marmorsaal and the Grotesksaal. Do not forget to pay a visit to the Karlsplatz pavillons, designed by Wagner at the end of the XIX century. Original, charming and elegant, they host either a pastry store or a space for exhibitions.

Out of the center of the city, lies the Prater, in the past Imperial Hunting Lodge. It's in 1766 that it was opened to the public and during the XIX century part of its grounds were transformed into a Luna Park and its panoramic wheel of the Prater is world famous. But the panoramic wheel isn't the only wonder into the park. Around it, the Volksprater will arise your levels of adrenaline in the blood, and the Freudenau Hippodrome will concur to have them above the standard. So, get the chance to unwind into the Hauptallee too...If you like the idea of something different, remember to visit the Hundertwasser Haus, a popular housing complex built in 1985 and breaking with the modern architecture of the time...and of today too, since it seems to be into a movie studio, and you will be amazed by the colors and the shapes of the place.
Finally, out of the city center, a must is for sure the Schönbrunn Palace, what once was the summer residence of the Imperial family. If its works began under the reign of Leopold I, they continued under Maria Theresa, who decided to make it bigger and magnificent, so as to be called the Versailles of Wien.

When you find yourself in Wien, do not forget to take a stroll at night at the Alte Donau, in a romantic frame after a dinner.
Finally, a note about shopping... Antique stores are quite famous, and if it happens that you are interested, try Schönbrünner Strasse and the auctions at the Dorotheum. Heiligenkreuzerhof - on the other hand - will offer you paintings and art by the artist directly. During the period of Christmas, do not miss the Alt Wiener Christkindlarkt, whose atmosphere is - in a word - enchanting. Wien is the capital of music, and classical still has a role in Wiener life. So, if you wish to buy some music by Gluck, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Lanner, Brahams, Mahler and Johannes Strauss I and II, you are in the right place. Try hence Arcadia on Kärntner Strasse 40 or - at the same address, but nr. 30 - EMI. Alternatively, in Graben 16 you will find Gramola.

On the notes of "An der schönen, blauen Donau", I say you goodbye and hope to see you in Wien soon!

Monaco capital city of Monte Carlo with Virtual Tours and Maps

Discover the beauty of Monaco - Monte Carlo with Virtual Tours and Maps

Normally, you would not expect to find so much in an area of 1,95 sqm. But Monaco has a lot to offer. Visit it whenever you want, since the climate is mild, there is always something coming on the scene (from International Circus festival to Formula 1; from Masters Tennis Series to International Fireworks Festival...) and this gem on the Mediterranean Sea has - apart from its overknown attractions, such as the Casino - several others, ranging from leisure (as - for example - the Monte Carlo Golf Club) to culture. Squeezed into a so small space - in fact - narrow alleys or plazas to go shopping or unwind, museums (such as the Oceanographic), interesting churches (see either the Saint Devote Chapel or the Cathédrale de Monaco), gardens (as the Casino Gardens , or the Japanese Garden to name a few) and palaces will compete for your attention...

Luxembourg capital city of Luxembourg with Virtual Tours and Maps

Discover the beauty of Luxembourg with Virtual Tours and Maps

It's with the acquisition by Siegfried of the "Lucilinburhuc" - Luxembourg Castle - that this small grand duchy, (among the smallest countries in the world) was born, back in 963, even if its importance dates back to the Roman Era, when the zone was crossroad of important streets for commerce. Together with its first market and surrounded by fortifications, the city slowly developed, even if, in 1443, it was taken by the Burgundians because of its strategic value on the European chessboard. During four centuries, several military engineers by occupiers such as Bourbons, Habsbourg and Hohenzollerns, transformed the city in a fortified wonder - surrounded by three girdles of battlements - that was to be known as the Gibraltar of the North. With the defeat of Napoleon, Prussia and the Netherlands disputed the territory and the Congress of Vienna decided that Luxemburg was to be a Gran Duchy, in union with the Netherlands. In the 19th century its territories were reduced after the Belgian Revolution and in the next years the Grand Duchy affirmed and reaffirmed its neutrality by the first and second treaty of London. If the king of the Netherlands had been the Grand Duke of Luxemburg too, when the Dutch throne passed to Wilhelmina, the grand duchy passed to Adolph of Nassau Weilburg, because of the prohibitions of the Salic law. During the world wars, Luxembourg was occupied by Germany and, in the Second, it joined the Allies in order to fight the aggressor. Its next political choices concerned the foundation of the United Nations, Nato, European Economic Community, and Benelux Customs. Today Luxembourg is still among the smallest countries, but it's the one that has the highest standard living, at least in EU. It's capital (Luxembourg City) is the heart of life of the country, where the government and the official residency of the Gran Duke is. Many European institutions also find their HQ here, as the General Secretariat of the European Parliament, the European Court of Justice, the European Investment Bank and the Court of Auditors, to name a few. All those buildings are in the Centre Européen and Kirchberg neighbourhood. As powerful financial center, Luxembourg hosts around 168 financial institutions, which are nestled in a capital that remains small and tranquil and the Banque et Caisse d'Epargne de l'Etat is one of them, just nearby the Vallée de la Petrousse. With an history of more than 150 years, the bank has been able to answer to the needs of its clients and it's today renown at an international level. Inside, two museums can be found: the first one is the Musée de la Banque, where several items will clearly show what to be a banker meant and means today. The second one is the Galerie d'Art Am Tunnel with themed exhibitions by famous artists.

At the heart of the city, in the Old Town - a mainly pedestrianized zone - lies the Palace of the Grand Dukes, city residence of the Grand Ducal family, since 1890. Nearby, the Hotel de Bourgogne hosts the Ministry of State and the Presidency of the Government, while in the same zone the Town Hall and the Parliament can be visited too.

Highlights of Luxembourg is the Forteresse - with its underground tunnels (the Casemates) - whose construction began in 1644, during the Spanish domination. The galleries are 23 km long and after the dismantling of parts of the Fortress in 1867, 17 km remains. During the World Wars, these constructions were used in order to give shelter to the population. They can be visited and they are under the World Heritage of Unesco as other parts of the Fortress. Always part of the Fortress are the Echauguettes Espagnoles, the Trois Tours, the Wenceslas Wall and the Corniche, known today as the "most beautiful balcony of Europe": when the fortress was in part dismantled, after the first treaty of London, the protecting walls in the zone were cleared, hence disclosing an enticing panorama on the district of Grund and on the Rham Plateau. In order to appreciate the several fortifications, try the Wenzel circuit or the Vauban one.

Several museums can be visited in Luxembourg. The Musée d'Histoire de la Ville de Luxembourg hosts a permanent exhibition that traces the history from ancient times, and the myths connected to the city. The Musée d'Art Moderne Grand Duc Jean MUDAM will invite you for a discovery of contemporary art, giving carte blanche to the artists to reinterpret its spaces. The Casino of Luxembourg is today a forum of contemporary art, organizing exhibitions on new tendencies, and the Musée de la Forteresse will help you understand everything about the military defence buildings scattered all around the city. As well, the Musée National D'Histoire et D'Art hosts Prehistoric objects as well as artistic masterpieces, ranging from Modern and Contemporary art, to ancient. The National Museum of Natural History is a jewel as well: centred on human development, it offers - in its rooms - illustrations on evolution, geology and ecology. The Cultural Meeting Place of Neumünster Abbey offers instead open air concerts, workshop for artists and pieces of theatre. Formerly an abbey, as its name states, it was expropriated in the 18th century and transformed first in a military hospital, then in a prison. Only in 1980 it's present day function began. Once in Luxembourg, do not forget to spend an evening at the Philarmonie, which will offer you a large spectrum of music concerts, from classic to contemporary. And, before leaving - maybe for the tantalizing countryside - remember that the Old Town, with its pedestrianized streets will offer you the chance to shop for anything you could be looking for, from chic to cheap (remember that on every second and fourth Saturday of the month, there is a brocante market too) meanwhile enjoying some national beers such as the ones produced by the Brasserie Artisanale Beierhaascht or pampering yourself with some salty or sweet specialities, such as the Bretzel, the Quetscheflued, the Äppelklatzen or the Streisel...

Lisbon capital city of portugal wiith Virtual Tours and Maps

Discover the beauty of Lisbon, Lisboa Portugal with Virtual Tours and Maps

Lying on seven hills on the river Tejo, the capital of Portugal is a lovely city, a blend of old fashioned and modern, of tradition and cultural diversity. Tiny, it can be visited by foot. But, if you feel the hills will kill you, you can either catch the tram, the bus, the taxi, several funiculars and...elevators.

Alfama is the oldest quarter of the city, with its maze of small alleys, built on a plant of a Moor kasbah, hence permitting to defend it against military attacks and enabling the houses to stay cool. Its life revolves around small shops and cantinas, and the flea market of Feira da Ladra (the Thiefs' fair) which is held every Tuesday and Saturday but, off the beaten path, there are some alternative shops in the area of Doca do Jardim do Tabaco, and some trendy eateries. Alfama is the historical soul of Lisbon, where - among the other things - the Castelo de São Jorge and the Sé Cathedral are. The castle was built in 1511, after that the king Alphonse Henriques had conquered Lisboa back from the Moors. Used as a real residence, theatre, prison and warehouse, the castle was ruined by the earthquake of 1755, but - in 1938 - Salazar decided to have it back to its ancient splendour. Even though not all you will see is hence authentic, the Castelo is a must see, and a stroll among the bastions is highly recommended. Built on the foundations of a mosque, the Sé Cathedral was built in 1150, always by decision of Alphonse Henriques. Today the cathedral is either the oldest of Lisbon, or a blend of several architectural styles: the result of years of renovations (it has been hit and destroyed by three earthquakes...). Remember to pay a visit to the Museu Nacional do Azulejo, that hosts an impressive collection of tiles, which range from the Moors' times to the XX century. The museum is located inside the building of what - in the past - was a cloister. The tiles' panels offer several outstanding images, such as the Panorama of Lisbon or the altar of Nossa Senhora da Vida. Take the chance to unwind in the courtyard.

The quarters of Baixa and Avenida were built by the Marquis of Pombal in 1755 and their difference from Alfama is striking. As the alleys in Alfama are small, there the roads are broad, and several squares, such as the Praça do Comércio, Praça do Municipio and Praça Dom Pedro IV (a.k.a. the Rossio) are often filled with people. Mosaics decorate entire streets, the neoclassical design is king, and everything is the result of the first urban planning in Europe. Lively zones either by day of by night, with coffees, restaurants and theatres, they are today the commercial heart of Lisbon, where several shops (try Rua Augusta...), banks and offices are. The Elevador de Santa Justa is an impressive structure, built by the French architect Raoul Mesnier du Ponsard - Eiffel's disciple -, at the end of the XVIII century to connect Largo do Carmo to the Bairro Alto. Praça do Comercio is known to the inhabitants of Lisbon as the Plaza of the Palace, considered that - there - Manuel I - in 1511 - transferred the royal palace.

The quarter of Bairro Alto is an incredibly picturesque place in Lisbon. Its history began when - during the XVI century - the richest people of the capital decided to move from Alfama. By the end of the XIX century it had transformed into the red light district of the city, but it was able to regain its beauty thanks to the efforts of small restaurants, cantinas, bars and artisans' shops. By night it's still vibrant, with traditional restaurants, bars and the Teatro Nacional de São Carlos (built on the style of the Scala of Milan and the San Carlo of Naples), that will offer you a variety of performances. Do not miss the Igreja do Carmo, with its Gothic ruins, memory of the earthquake of 1755, which hosts today an archaeological museum. Hermes, Cartier, jewellers, antiques, designers, bookshops can all be found there, and it's a prestigious area to go shopping. Do not miss the chance!

But Belém is for sure among the wonders of the city, with its gardens, monasteries, historical buildings and monuments. Neighboorhood built thanks to the king Manuel I during the period of discoveries, the quarter lies on the river Tejo, and it is a wonderful place where strolling and relaxing. The Palacio de Belém was built in 1559 by the count de Aveiras and is today the residence of the President of the Republic, and even hosts the Museu Nacional dos Coches that will take you into other historical eras, while exploring the several coaches, chariot, four wheelers ad gigs exposed. The Mosteiro dos Jeronimos isn't only an emblematic example of the architecture of the Golden times of Portugal, but a place where you will find the tomb of Vasco de Gama and - meanwhile exploring - enjoy the serenity and calm that the place is able to offer. And Vasco da Gama can be seen at the Padrao dos Descobrimentos, a monument built in order to commemorate all the people who gave their life to the development of Portugal during its golden years. The Torre de Belém was the starting point in the navigation to the new world, and symbol of the expansionistic era of Portugal. Even though outside it's quite austere, inside it hosts the governor rooms, and - from the terrace at the first floor - you will have an outstanding view of the city. Remember to stop by the Antiga Confeitaria de Belem to have a tart, or buy some pastries and enjoy them while walking into the Tropical Garden...

Cross either the Bridge XXV Abril or the Bridge Vasco da Gama, to visit the Parque das Nações. Built for the Exposition of 1998, it is the most modern part of the city, with a futuristic architecture. This part of the city, built on what once was a military harbour, is today a residential and commercial place, where the modernity of the buildings respects the nature and where pollutions is fought. Remember that inside the Estaçao do Oriente, every Sunday flea markets are held, but if you need to shop til you drop, try the Vasca da Gama Shopping Center. By the way, do not forget to visit the Oceanarium, and give a glance to the Vasco da Gama's twin towers.

In the outskirts of the city there are several beauties too. One is for sure the Cristo Rei, the impressive statue of Jesus Christ, built taking as a model the famous one of Rio de Janeiro. With its 28 meters of height and placed on an enormous plinth, it can be seen from every corner of the city. The Parque Eduardo VII is the biggest and most famous park of the city, with its beautiful English gardens, the Estufa Fria and the Pavilhão Carlos Lopes.

Not far away from Lisbon, the beautiful settlement of Sintra is part of the UNESCO heritage, since 1995. Settled among woods and rivers, Sintra has some impressive historical buildings, such as the Palacio Nacional de Sintra and the Palacio da Pena. Blend of several styles, ranging from the Gothic to the Moresque, the Paço was the royal residence until 1880, and it's dominated by...the kitchen chimneys. The Sala dos Brasões, the kitchens and the chapel cannot be missed. But if the Palacio National is a fusion of styles, the Palacio da Pena isn't any different. Built in the XIX century, it was the summer residence of Maria II's husband. Commissioned to the Baron von Eschwege, the Palacio da Pena is inspired by the castles of Bavaria.

Queluz is another place that must be visited, often compared to Versailles. The royal hunting lodge - under the care of Mateus Vicente - was transformed into summer residence, and further developed with the works of Jean Baptiste Robillion. The cries of Mary I - queen who suffered from melancholy and hallucinations - cannot be heard today, but the beauty of the several rooms, their luxury and the gardens, can still be visited.

Profit from everything Lisbon has to offer, from the beautiful places to the exquisite and strange Portuguese kitchen (try the pasteis de bacalhau, the frango a piri piri and the sardinhas assadas), to its wines and portos; from its shopping centers and boutiques, to its beaches; from its fados, to its nightlife. You will discover that Lisbon is all that, and even more too...

Firenze, Florence, Italy with Virtual Tours and Maps

Discover the beauty of Firenze, Florence with Virtual Tours and Maps

Capital city of the region of Tuscany, Florence lies on the Arno River (crossed by several bridges, among which the Ponte Santa Trinità and the Ponte Vecchio) and was a Medieval center for commerce and culture and cradle of the Italian Renaissance. Among the several museums that can be found, such as the Uffizi, the Accademia, Pitti Palace and the Bargello, the city in itself, with its architecture, is an "open air" museum. No wonder it's historic center is part of the Unesco Heritage since 1982.

San Miniato is one of the most beautiful churches is Italy, with its fine Romanesque structure. The church is dedicated to San Miniato - Florence's first martyr - beheaded in 240 during anti Christian persecutions. Next to the church it is possible to buy some liquors and honey made by the Olivean monks. Santa Maria del Fiore, in San Giovanni Square, is the result of six centuries of work. Arnolfo di Cambio, Giotto, Brunelleschi, Gaddo Gaddi, Paolo Uccello, Giorgio Vasari and Frederico Zuccari, all contributed to give it all the beauty it has, and the distinctive idea of being turned inside out. Just in front of Santa Maria del Fiore, the Battistero is another masterpiece, built between 1059 and 1128. Michelangelo christened the bronze doors with relief sculptures by Ghiberti (XV century), the gates of Paradise. Inside, other chef d'oeuvres by Donatello and great mosaics from the XIV century.

Bern capital city of Switzerland with Virtual Tours and Maps

Discover the beauty of Bern with Virtual Tours and Maps

Even though it's an European capital, Bern is a small city, that holds all the relaxing atmosphere of Switzerland, and the green, and a breathtaking view on the Alps. You will be shocked, discovering that at the seat of the government, life run smoothly, tranquil, serene. And you will be shocked discovering that the same people that have a seat at the Parlament are the same people sitting near you on the public transport, eating a gipfeli and reading the Berner Zeitung.

Bern is the name either of the capital, or the Bunderstadt which is part of Switzerland. The name derives from a German word: Bär, whose meaning is bear. It's thanks to Duke Berthold V of Zähringen that the city was founded, back in 1191. With his death, in 1218, the city was made an Imperial Free City by the Emperor Frederick II. In 1353 Bern joined the Swiss Confederation, that was born in 1291 and, five centuries after, became the capital of the Kanton and the capital of Switzerland. Meanwhile, during its history, occupied other territories, such as Aargau and Vaud, and - during the French Revolutionary Wars was taken over by French troops. It wasn't only a decisive moment for the city, it was a decisive moment for whole Switzerland, since thereon, it changed from a Confederation to a Federation and the modern Switzerland was born.

Let's start our visit by the Bärengraben (Bear Pits). It seems that the founder of the city chose that name after he had killed a bear on the peninsula where he later laid the foundations. The location of the Pits hasn't changed since 1857 and in 1995 - 1996 major renovations have been done, in order to give to the bears - Pedro and Tana - a better habitat. The two Pyrenean bears can be seen everyday, but it depends from season at what time they go out. Soon the pits will be transformed, creating enclosures where Pedro and Tana will have the chance to live freely outside all the year long. The bear pit is not a tourist trap, as it has often been said, it's part of the tradition of the city, a tradition started in 1480 when some captured bears were put in a pit; and the bear is the symbol of the city, appearing in the heraldic too. Before crossing the Nydeggerbrücke, from which you will have an enchanting panorama on the Aare and on the quartier of Kirchenfeld, stop by the Grosser Muristalten and enjoy the view and the relaxing atmosphere. And, as soon as you wish to enter into the oldest part of the city, head for it.

Münster Cathedral is an impressive example of Late Gothic religious architecture. The Cathedral is the largest ecclesiastical building of all Switzerland, and its construction began in 1421. The spire, that dominates the sky above Bern, was finished in 1893. Climb the 344 steps to the spire, in order to appreciate a breathtaking view of the city and of the Bernet Mitteland and Oberalp. As soon as you have had enough of the panorama, or of the interior of the church, head north, to the Rathaus. Built between 1406 and 1416, the Rathaus survived to any turmoil, from Burgudian Wars to Reformation, from French invasion to the...political discussions which take place inside, for the cantonal government. With Kramgasse you really start breathing the Medieval Atmosphere of the city. Six kilometers of medieval arcades, limestone buildings, towers and fountains, gave to the city the recognition by UNESCO as a Cultural World Heritage site: the city center of Bern is a place where time stopped by. But - at number 49 - old meets with modern, in the person of the founder of modern physics. Albert Einstein lived there, between 1903 and 1905, and it's exactly during that time that he developed the theory of relativity. Today, his house is a the Albert Einstein Museum dedicated to his life and legacy. On the same road, the ONO theater is a new tendencies and experimental theater, that will offer you several different programs. The Zytglogge (Clock Tower) is among the most known landmarks of Bern, forming the boundaries of the city back in 1191 (and the end of Kramgasse today, with the beginning of a pedestrian zone). Back in the past, the Zytglogge was the main clock of Bern. The clock is animated, and it was built in the 6th century. Keep walking under the arcades (maybe stopping by for some shopping) and you will find yourself in Kornhausplatz. There, the Kornhaus can be admired. The ancient granary of the town is an chief example of the Baroque architecture of the city. If, in the past, it stored grain and barrels of wine, today - since it doesn't serve anymore the original function - it has been transformed into restaurant and multipurpose venue for cultural events. Fountains are part of the Berner architecture; so do not miss the Kindlifresserbrunnen. Keep walking north, for a quick diversion and head to the Französische Kirche. The church is the oldest in town, since it was built between 1280 and 1310 and it is the sole building left of the abbey of the Dominicans. During the XVII century, it was refuge for Huguenots. Nearby, the Stadt Theater will offer you - among several ballets, comedies and plays - a nice evening. And...do not forget to walk to the Kornhausbrücke, where you will have a fascinating view of the Aare, the Old City and the Lorraine district.

Marktgasse is where the pedestrian zone starts. On Tuesday and Saturday mornings markets are held and you will be able to find fresh veggies, flowers and whatchamacallit. There, two of the most ancient fountains of the city - dating back to the 16th century - can be admired. The street ends in Bärenplatz, where the Käfigturm is. The Käfigturm (a.k.a. Prison Tower) is the second tower of the city, delimiting the western boundaries. Erected between 1256 and 1344 - as the name implies - it was used as a jail. Today it isn't a jail anymore, and it hosts a political forum. Remember that the Holländerturm is just nearby and was built in 1256, as part of a military fortification. You're a stone's throw away from Bundesplatz, where the Swiss Government and Parliament are. The building is currently under renovations, but it can usually be visited. And the plaza has 26 fountains which represents the Swiss cantons. You can have a nice view of the Parliament from the Kirchenfeldbrücke.

Nearby the old center, there is the Kunstmuseum, the oldest art museum in Switzerland holding a permanent collection, that currently comprises over 3,000 paintings and sculptures - ranging from Duccio di Buoninsegna to Toulouse Lautrec, covering from the Italian Trecento to the Impressionism, from the late Gothic to the Blue rider School. You will also find several works by female artists. If art is amongst your interests, as soon as you cross the Kirchenfeldbrücke, you will find the Kunsthalle, too. Founded by the initiative of the Bernese Artists' Society in 1918, the Kunsthalle has hosted several shows by Berner, Swiss and International artists, such as Klee, Giacometti and Moore. There is a museum - in the outskirts of Bern - dedicated to Paul Klee (the Paul Klee Zentrum), with more than 4000 masterpieces by the Swiss painter. Apart from the permanent exposition, there are temporary ones, dedicated to the historical and cultural contexts in which his art was born, and those dedicated to his life. Back to the Matte, where the Kunsthalle is, some other museums can be visited. Among those, the Naturhistorisches Museum, the Alpines Museum and the Historisches Museum. The Dählhölzli Zoo will make any child happy: open 365 days a year, it hosts 200 different animals, in their natural habitat and it can be mainly explored free of charge. For those who love any sport, the Stade de Suisse is an a obliged pitstop. Enjoy there football matches by the BSC Young Boys... and remember that, in 2008, Switzerland and Austria will be the hosting countries for the UEFA Euro 2008 and some matches will take place exactly at the Stade de Suisse. For any romantic spirit, the Rosengarten is a must too. The park is wonderful and the 220 different types of roses are astonishing. Take a relaxing break into the pavillon or - alternatively - enjoy a coffee at the restaurant Rosengarten.

Some last remarks: under the arcades in the old town, you will find anything you're looking for. And if you're looking for something typically Swiss, you can choose between chocolate (Toblerone and Lindt are among the best ones), watches (from Swatch to Rolex, from Breitling to Patek Philippe), and cheese (as Gruyère or Raclette). If - on the other hand - you find yourself in Bern the fourth Monday of November, do not forget the Zibelemärit (onion market). And, if you're interested in opening a bank account, you're in the right country...

Swiss kitchen is a really tasty one. Do not forget to try a Bernerplatte while in Bern, or a Fondue, a raclette or a rösti dish. And, among the sweeter things, the gipfeli or the birchermuesli are among the best boost to start the day with.

Bern, with its mix between ancient and modern, between provincial and international, in a peculiar frame among the Alps, will for sure transform your stay in an unforgettable one...

Barcelona Spain Virtual Tours and Maps

Discover the beauty of Barcelona with Virtual Tours and Maps

Barcelona is an architectural wonder. It's should hence be no surprise that it won - in 1999 - the Royal Gold Medal for architecture, given by the Royal Institute of British Architects. At that time, by the way, it was the first time that a city was a winner...and no other city has had the same award until now. Buildings such as the Palau de la Música Catalana, the Sagrada Familia, the Casa Battlò and the Casa Milá, all contributed to the winning of the Medal, along with the remainings of the Roman period, those of the Gothic period - scattered within the Barri Gòtic - and constructions such as the Forum's Convention Center by Herzog & de Meuron, evidences of a city that's growing with the ideal of beauty and triumph in mind. Audacious, the city who suffered under Francisco Franco, never lost its pride and character: no wonder it's among the touristic hits: Barcelona has a real lot to offer, ranging from culture to nightlife, from shopping to sights, from sport to relax opportunities, blended in an cocktail of seducing taste.

The Sagrada Familia is Antoni Gaudi's most famous work, example of his visionary genius. Even though the Sagrada Familia isn't completed yet - the beginning of the works date back to 1883 and the construction on this church will continue at least until 2041 - it's already the landmark of Barcelona par excellence. Gaudi saw, in the project, the chance to build a church following the criterion of the Medieval cathedrals, whose construction went on for centuries with several generations of architects. The building is surreal, since it is a combination of styles and mobility. If you do not suffer from vertigo, get the chance to catch the elevator going to the tower of the Portal of the Nativity. The panorama, over Barcelona, is awe-inspiring. And, once there, do not forget to visit the crypt where Gaudi was buried and the museum, where the complete story about the church is explained. Born by the same genius, Casa Battlò and Casa Milá - both in Passeig de Gràcia - offer examples of his civil architecture. Casa Battlò is one of the most famous monuments of Modernism. Despite the profusion of forms and motifs, it produces a sensation of lightness. Public is divided on what the façade should represent: for some it shows the spirit of carnival, for others a cove, for the majority his patriotic feeling, given that the façade is an allegorical illustration of Sant Jordi. A visit to the interior is recommended, since it gives the opportunity to understand Gaudi's attention to any detail. Casa Milá (a.k.a. La Pedrera) looks more like a sculpture than a house, like a fluid creation with no straight line, in a crowned attempt to create natural forms with artificial elements. Gaudi had several problems with the customer and the initial project, that should have occupied the entire precinct, was limited to what we currently see. Since 1984 it's classified as World Heritage by Unesco (and hosts a variety of exhibitions and cultural events), even though - when completed - it was ridiculed, gaining the nickname of "Stone Quarry". Its structure is extraordinary, with no master wall, with asymmetrical windows and ornamental chimneys. Within, there is the chance to visit a Modernista flat and a museum dedicated to his architect. But in Passeig de Gràcia masterworks aren't over, since Puig i Cadafalch and Domènech i Montaner also designed important civil buildings. And, if you're looking for other buildings by Gaudí, try the Collegi de les Teresianes and Casa Calvet, too.

The Palau de la Música Catalana isn't only the right place where you could spend a nice evening listening to a concert (from classic to pop, from jazz to experimental) but it is also one of the few theaters worldwide to have been declared a World Heritage Site. Built by Domènech i Montaner, the Palau is a product of the Catalonia's Renaixenca cultural movement, decorated outside with a profusion of colorful floral mosaics and inside with ceramics, glasses and plushy materials.

Art doesn't reflect only in the buildings. If you're an aficionado of Picasso's art, the Museu Picasso is a stone's throw away, inside the Palau Berenguer de Aguilar, in the heart of the old city. With 3500 artworks from the artist, it mainly covers the juvenile activities of the painter comprised in the years before the Blue Period and some of his lifespan too.

The Barri Gòtic is the oldest quarter of Barcelona. Within, narrow streets and little sunshine, but it's an enchanting place to stroll. Encircled during Middle Age by city walls, the Barri Gòtic offers a gem in the form of the Sant Iu cathedral, whose life began in the VI century, as a small Visigoth chapel. Plaça Reial is the most famous square in Barcelona. Do not forget to stop by, as soon as you feel hungry, since there a quite big number of cafés, restaurants and pubs can be found. Gaudí designed the street lamps that adorn the plaza. But Port Vell too is the right place to hit, if you're looking for the best fish in the city, or Port Olimpic, if you wish to watch people practicing water sports, while having some tapas. But eating isn't the only thing in those places. Barcelona is great for shopping, renown as being one of the best cities for any shop-a-holic. Fashion, with names such as Custo Barcelona, Raquel Cardona, Lydia Delgado; design, with Vinçon and BD Ediciones de Diseño, all blend with lingerie shops, chains, second hand outlets, shopping malls and markets. Do not forget the stalls in the Rambla de Catalunya, explore the Eixample quartier, enter the Maremagnum shopping center, visit the tiny specialty shops within the Barri Gòtic, brows Els Encants flea market...every taste will be contented.

Catch the metro now, and head to Tibidabo, with its Church of the sacred Heart, that isn't far away. Built as a modernist temple of neo gothic inspiration, the church took 60 years to complete. From its height, Tibidabo offer a nice panoramic view over the city. Torre de Collserola telecommunication tower, with its glass lift, is an ideal place from where you can admire Barcelona in all its splendor.

Barcelona has an impressive number of parks, which cover 10% of the city territory. The Parc de Montjuic is the largest one, located on the hill of the same name. Inside the Parc, the Fundació Joan Miró can be visited. Founded by the artist, it was intended either to expose his artworks, or to launch a center for the study of contemporary art. The collection is impressive, since it hosts paintings, sculptures, sketches and draperies by Miró and other works by Calder, Moore and Matisse. The building hosting the museum is another architectonic highlight, by Josep Lluis Sert...But if you're looking for something different - an alternative collection - Barcelona is always ready to shock. You just have to chose among the Museu de la Xocolata, the Museu de Carrosses Fúnebres, and the Museu del Perfum, to name a few.

Do not miss the opportunity to unwind and relax inside the several parks and - if you wish - go for the Anella Olimpica, the nerve center of 1992 Games. The Estadi Olímpic is nearby and it's where the opening and closing ceremonies were held. Another park has to be visited: the Park Güell. Declared universal monument in 1984 by the Unesco, the park is where Gaudí turned his hand to landscaping. Not only the result is impressive, with its lizards, mosaics and ceramic benches, but the views of the city, too. Finally, on a hot day, head to Port Olimpic or, alternatively to the Barceloneta beach.

The city can be visited in several ways, city tours are offered, among which the segways' one. Transport is quick and easy, you can hop on reliable bus or metro, or simply catch a taxi. Just an advice: wherever you are, have your belongings in sight. Pickpocket is a practiced sport...